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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone has the right to education. The United Nations refugee agency estimates that fewer than 1 percent of refugees globally are enrolled in higher education programs.
According to UNHCR and UNICEF, of the 16.1 million refugees worldwide under the mandate of UNHCR, in 2015, only 50% of refugee children were in primary school and just 22% of refugee adolescents were in secondary school. Primary school-aged refugees numbered 3.5 million in 2015, and secondary school-aged refugees numbered 2.5 million. Of the 2.5 million secondary school aged adolescent refugees,2 million were not enrolled in secondary school.
In spite of the right to education for refugees being enshrined under the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its accompanying 1967 Protocol, access to good quality education has not materialized for many refugee children.
Levels of enrolment and progression through the education system for refugees are lower than their peers, with secondary-school-aged girls likely to be particularly affected.
Refugees can face many barriers to accessing higher education, including a lack of information, advice and individual guidance sensitive to their specific needs, inadequate provision of intensive language courses for academic purposes, and restricted access to government student finance schemes.
Host countries, concerned about job security for their citizens, often restrict refugees’ access to work. Such measures make it harder for refugee parents to find money to pay for their children’s scholarships to attend private schools. In any case, many families cannot afford secondary-school fees, uniforms, notebooks, and higher transport costs, since secondary schools are often fewer and farther away.
Barriers to refugee children’s education include:
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